Viewer Engagement and Early Institutional Critique in The Civilization of Llhuros

View of an archaeological exhibition with both drab and highly colorful artifacts are displayed in glass cases and on the wall. In the foreground, a semi-transparent image of a bearded man looks out at the viewer.
View of Llhuroscian objects at the La Panacée exhibition in Montpellier, France in 2017 with Norman Daly as Llhuroscian priest, 1973. ©2026 NDA

We are pleased to announce that the July issue of The Nomadic Journal, an online publication of Doppel House Press (Los Angeles), features an essay on The Civilization of Llhuros by art historian Kathleen Spies.

She begins:

“Created primarily from 1966 to 1972, Norman Daly’s The Civilization of Llhuros was a complex, multimedia art installation at the forefront of the shift to many postmodern and contemporary art practices that mark the era’s most significant contributions – from institutional critique and viewer engagement to the artist-as-anthropologist and the use of found objects as indexical evidence.”

Spies is among the first scholars to have studied the artifacts firsthand and conducted research in the Norman Daly Papers at the Cornell University Archives. This much-anticipated study is certain to open new avenues of interest in this vast, richly layered, and remarkably fertile body of work.

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Students made the first film about Llhuros
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